Took place the formation of two independent governments which fought a civil war – a period known as the Foolish Fatherland. Cartagena became independent in November 1811. A movement was initiated by Antonio Nari?o, who opposed Spanish centralism and led the opposition against the viceroyalty. In 1547, New Granada became the Captaincy-General of New Granada within the viceroyalty. In 1542, the region of New Granada, along with all other Spanish possessions in South America, became part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, with its capital at Lima.
The legend and the gold would play a pivotal role in luring the Spanish and other Europeans to New Granada during the 16th and 17th centuries. Sebasti?n de Belalc?zar, conqueror of Quito, traveled north and founded Cali, in 1536, and Popay?n, in 1537 from 1536 to 1539, German conquistador Nikolaus Federmann crossed the Llanos Orientales and went over the Cordillera Oriental in a search for El Dorado, the "city of gold". Two other notable journeys by early conquistadors to the interior took place in the same period. The name soon acquired a suffix and was called Santa Fe de Bogot?. In August, 1538, he founded provisionally its capital near the Muisca cacicazgo of Bacat?, and named it "Santa Fe". Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jim?nez de Quesada led an expedition to the interior in April, 1536, and christened the districts through which he passed "New Kingdom of Granada". The name was later adopted by the Republic of Colombia of 1819, formed from the territories of the old Viceroyalty of New Granada (modern-day Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, Ecuador, and northwest Brazil) Santa Marta was founded in 1525, and Cartagena in 1533. It was conceived by the Venezuelan revolutionary Francisco de Miranda as a reference to all the New World, but especially to those portions under Spanish and Portuguese rule. The name "Colombia" is derived from the last name of Christopher Columbus (Italian: Cristoforo Colombo, Spanish: Crist?bal Col?n).
The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples including the Muisca, the Quimbaya and the Tairona. It is a unitary, constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama, to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru. info)), is a transcontinental country largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.Latin American and Caribbean home colombia dominican republic ecuador chile costa rica pichilemu bolivia cuba belize bermuda brazil rosario argentina buenos aires Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: Rep?blica de Colombia (help
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